Pyramids Essay Example

Pyramids Essay Imagine living in Ancient Egypt about 3,000 B.C.Imagine a society teeming with life and happiness.Imagine looking around and seeing beautiful buildings, fields of crops, and the great pyramids with their white limestone facade blazing in the sun of the midday.It would be quite the experience to have lived back then. The history of Egypt begins with the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt into one united kingdom. Thefirst ruler under this new system was Menes.Thirty other dynastys would follow.To further unify Upper and Lower Egypt Menes founded a capital city where the two met: at the apex of the Nile, where it fans out into the silt plain.This city was namedWhite walls by the Egyptians but later called Memphis by the Greeks.It is here at Memphis that the great pyramids where built. The pyramids were built to house the dead pharaoh of that time.Death was seen by the Egyptians as just the beginning of a journey to the other world.In Egyptian society each individual believed that hi s eternal life was dependant on the continued existence of their king, a belief that made the building of the pyramid a concern of the entire kingdom.Many people would be called to duty to work on the pyramids and many would go at will.It was found that the Egyptian people actually liked working on the pyramids.Many youths would travel down the Nile to work on the pyramids so that they could see the great city of Memphis. Furniture and riches not to mention body parts of the dead king were buried with him in the pyramid, so that in the afterlife the king would be able to have all the comforts that he had in his life.Wives and people of high standing in the kings court were buried beside his tomb when they died.The queens pyramid was always much smaller than the kings.The other wives and attendants tombs were built beside the kings pyramid but were only small rectangular tombs or mastabas.

Marketing Plan Segmentation Essays

Marketing Plan Segmentation Essays Marketing Plan Segmentation Essay Marketing Plan Segmentation Essay Marketing plan Segmentation: Tortilla Aztec In a nutshell, segmentation is the process of dividing a broad market into specific target group. In marketing, segmentation is crucial in creating a successful marketing strategy, because marketers are then able to identify consumers who have common needs and applications for the relevant goods and services. For example demographics such as age, gender and ethnicity are one of the many criteria when segmenting a market. For our marketing plan, we have focus upon building a tortilla company. Tortilla, which is a key component in many Mexican dishes, is favored not only by Latin American, but has also become a very popular ingredient in many western and Asian foods. The concept of tortilla is that it acts like a bread; people can apply almost any kinds of vegetables and meats, fold it or wrap it (depending on the style or preference) and bite it, its as simple as eating a hamburger. The tortillas that many of us eat today however have lost its traditional value. Nowadays Tortillas are designed and manufactured for mass consumption, and as a result fresh organic ingredients are left behind. As a tortilla expert we want to put an end to the blunt asset of 21 SST century tortilla and so our company has gone back to the basics; cooking tortillas the style a Mexican street vendor would do (read product part for more detail concerning tortilla-making). This idea of authentic Mexican tortilla is what our company will be trying to capitalize on; we depend on the idea that people are still concern about quality, not quantity. In marketing terms we are focusing on consumer preference, which is essential for us to identify what market segment we are going to target. We start with measuring possibility. First Step: Measuring Possibility All marketers know that the size of the market must be big enough to be worth targeting. According to statistic Canada as of 2001 244,400 people of Latin American origin lived in Canada. That year, they represented almost 1% of the total population of Canada (Statistic Canada). In Vancouver alone, there are approximately 28,575 Hispanics, which is a surprisingly big number considering, the distance it takes to travel between the two continents. Conclusion: the sample size proves to be substantial for our Tortilla Company to continue. Second Step: Segment growth It is very important for every business to analyze the prospect for growth. First we look at the number of tortilla producer in BC and identify who they are. The leading pioneer producer so far is a company called El Comma based in Burnable. Their tortillas are distributed in most of the major authentic Mexican restaurants such as La Tequila, Don Guacamole (closed for business), Salsa Agave etc. Another competitor is a smaller company called Donna Elastic based in Surrey. Their products are supplied mostly in specialty food stores across British Columbia, although its main business is focused upon delivery orders. Other Tortilla manufacturers only river Log retails canals sun as save-on Ana gateway superman et K . From a Dustless point of view the segment growth prospect looks to be very bright. Assuming that there are only two major competitors in BC, we can still capture a market-share of approximately 25%, which is around 7500 of Mexican people. According to statistic Canada, 7500 of these people earn an average income of $28000 (lower than the Canadian average income of $30000) however still a relatively sufficient income. Our findings illustrate that these Mexican people demand homemade corn tortillas compare to tortillas produce by big international brands. However the resources are not easily available with only two major companies providing the service. In conclusion: the Vancouver Hispanic market segment still has a very big room to grow. Third Step: Formulate narrower markets (Latino Community and Mexicans) McCarthy and Perpetual suggest forming sub-markets around what you would call your typical customer, then aggregate similar people into this segment, on the condition to be able to satisfy their needs using the same Marketing mix. As previously discussed before, the central market we are targeting is the Latino community living in Vancouver, BC. Our main concern however is the Mexican community. This is where the 80120% rule applies being that Tortilla is the staple food in major Mexican dish. In the distribution and supply-chain analysis we have discussed the possibility of supplying Tortilla to major retailers such as Save-on-Food and Safely. This pursuit is quite risky, especially for a starting company like ours, because not only does it require a big investment (e. G. UAPITA for machineries), but also the fact our companys name has not been well established in the Tortilla business. It is a lactated risk however because of the following facts: For Mexicans to buy their Tortilla, they have to travel to specialty food markets, most of which are inconveniently located because of its walking distance to the nearest bus stop or Strain. Save-on and Safely on the other hand, are strategically located hence a more shopping friendly environment. The problem however is that quality homemade tortilla are only available in these boutique supermarkets. The tortillas sold in big retails are international brands such as Dittos where the product factory processed hence the poor plastic taste. This is where our tortilla company steps in; with our homemade authentic concept, we expect that there will be more incentive and attraction for more Mexicans to buy their Tortillas and along with their daily groceries. A win-win situation is at hand. Considering Other Markets (other possible area of growth) Previously we have also considered the possibility of aiming the Asian market, which is not surprisingly one of biggest market in Vancouver. We were looking at a specific sub-market with huge potential growth and we were lead to the Indian community. In BC alone, there are over 230,000 Indians, half of them residing in Surrey. Moreover with the Indian economy booming and IT outsourcing becoming the major part of the business, the continuity increase in the Indian population will surely double for the next coming years. This is backed by an analysis, which says India-based firms are starting to win larger-scale Canadian TIT contracts and growing six times faster than traditional Tier 1 providers in TO. Our analysis however results us in not entering ten market. Nine mall Drawler we race was culture. Nine Animal culture Known to De very strong are less likely to substitute their values to that of other cultures. This is shown from their preference of food. Curry the staple food for an Indian dish is not easily substitute and this is proven from our Tortilla survey; when sales, compare with what you usually have with your cu rry, would you say that this Tortilla is the best in terms of taste? 3 out of 30 Indians said no and 5 of them even gave the opinion of sticking with the traditional Indian Root when eating the curry because the two dishes already complement very well with each other. Likewise, we also discovered the Red Mole which is the other dipping sauce we used for the marketing survey asset much more delicious on the tortilla compared to when we dipped it in the Curry. In conclusion the taste off food blends in harmony when it is applied with the original traditional ingredients. This finding has led us to the conclusion of canceling out the Indian Market. Mainstream Market The mainstream market is a very broad market. It is the most dominant market and therefore has the biggest potential for growth. The people inside this market are usually not tied to buying one specific product; rather, they buy product that are in trend and replace it once it has gone out of trend. This is very apparent in markets such as technology and fashion where products come and go very quickly. The mainstream market for Tortilla can be found in big retails. As mentioned before, tortillas brands supplied in these big retails are well known international brands such as Dittos. The market sadly are used to consuming these low quality processed products and as a result many of them are not aware of what home made Mexican tortillas taste like. This situation however is an advantage for our company because of one important fact: our tortilla is a newly introduced product line. A new product line meaner that there is big room for growth and for our company to fully establish our tortilla in an existing market it will most likely require some time. For example, we need to consider factors such as Canadian housewife. These housewife play a vital role to our success in the mainstream market because they the ones who decide what goes inside the grocery; instead of the usual bread and butter for breakfast we can convince them to substitute to our low calorie home made tortilla. Once these housewife have gained more knowledge about our reduce and realized the benefit of it, we hypothetically have secured a very major part of the Canadian market Niche Market Another important contributing factor to the popular rise of Tortilla, is professional working segment. With their limited time constraints, this specific group of people prefers foods that are on the go and Tortilla is the perfect complement to this kind of lifestyle. An analysis also shows that Tortilla can fill up to 52% of your daily fiber needs and contains low calorie: perfect from a marketing standpoint because these office working people are assume to have high disposable income and therefore emend more quality alternatives such as the home made Tortillas our company produces. Another important trend we have realized is how much Vancouver people value healthy and active lifestyle. This is proven from little things such as the long lines in whole-food supermarket, the availability of vegetarian restaurants, the number of Luncheon stores across Vancouver and etc. Conclusion: Vancouver people, especially the locals are willing to pay for healthier alternatives, and with the concept AT our Menominee tortilla we can capture tons Log part AT segment. Ten market

Nature or nurture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nature or nurture - Essay Example Although at present, the scientific community has tipped the scale towards ‘nature’, an ongoing debate argues that environment is the main factor influencing gender identities of people. This conclusion is drawn from the work of Michael Kimmel, a sociologist who teaches at the University of New York at Stony Brook. Apart from having written on gender in general and men in particular, in â€Å"‘Bros before Hos’: The Guy Code†, Kimmel deals specifically with issues of masculinity. He believes that young men are socialized into their groups and gain ideas of masculinity from the surroundings around them. Studies which have been conducted by James O’Neill, developmental psychologist at the University of Connecticut and social psychologist, Joseph Pleck have shown how little the socializing influences on boys have changed over the years. Kimmel points out how men conform to masculizing influences and perceived masculine behavior because they are anx ious to secure the approval of other men. In the words of playwright David Mamet, women are perceived have such a â€Å"low place on the social ladder of this country that its useless to define yourself in terms of a woman†. Boys tend to identify with their fathers and older male peers and adopt behavioral patterns considered to be â€Å"masculine† in order to win the approval of other men. Freud has put forward the view that an essential part of the process of defining male gender identify is the separation of a boy from his mother and close identification with his father instead. Masculinity is thus achieved through â€Å"repudiation, disassociation and then identification.† To support this argument, psychologists such as Michael Thompson, James Gabarrino and Dan Kindlon also reiterate that a culture of cruelty is created wherein young boys are actively discouraged from crying or showing their emotions. Applying Pollack’s views, a young boy would be pus hed through the influences from other males in his surrounding environment to actively develop the â€Å"mask of masculinity, which is essentially a stoic, unemotional front wherein denying their own emotional needs forms an essential part of framing of gender identity of the boys. In contrast with Kimmel, Hanna Rosin is less certain about the impact of socializing influences and the environment on the development of gender identity. In the â€Å"A Boy’ Life†, Rosin points to the fact that the difficulties transgender children experience, appear to have been exacerbated by parental indulgence. These children take on role-playing at a very early age – usually the role of the opposite sex – and persist with it. The writer also maps the recent preoccupation with biology in the area of human identity and the theories of gender as a social construct. Both Rosin and Kimmel offer a disturbing view of the motivation of peers, parents, communities and professiona ls. These people involved in the negotiation of gender identities, in which a mix of fear of rejection, a need for normalcy and peer approval, and professional ambition leads to a single-minded consideration. Parents, driven by fear of their children’s rejection by society and constant social affirmation

The Issue and Challenge of E-commerce in B2C Business Essay

The Issue and Challenge of E-commerce in B2C Business - Essay Example The example of B2C can be the selling of the shoes to an end customer. Though, buying those shoes from a retailer or buying leather for the shoes refers to B2B. When suppliers cooperate with a business, or wholesalers sell to retailers – these are all the examples of business-to-business activity. We are living in the era of high technologies as well as computerization. No wonder, that approximately 50% of the B2C world turnover can be ascribed to e-commerce. The term refers to any commercial operation that is carried out in the Web. It also pertains to â€Å"any form of business transaction in which the parties interact electronically rather than by physical exchanges or direct physical contact† (Allen, 2001). The procedure of trading on-line is not as easy as it may seem – it covers many rules, activities, laws and creativity. To put it another way e-commerce is a kind of science that is to be studied in order to be effective and bring results. Despite the grow ing popularity of the Internet sales and therefore of e-commerce, the latter has many pitfalls and bottlenecks that can lead to the reduction of the customers’ number. This essay aims to analyse the challenges of e-commerce in B2C. It is very important to investigate this problem since 80% of all operations on-line belong to the B2C ones. The rest 20% make up the wholesale, some financial services, and operations at a Stock Exchange. This topic was chosen because of its importance nowadays and because of its ‘under-research’. It means that not many scientists penetrated into this problem. The first cause for this is the relative youth of the Internet and e-commerce itself. The second reason is that trading on-line, as mentioned above is not considered to be a kind of science in a business world. It is considered to be the way to earn money, or the way to gain new customers. Studying this topic will empower anyone in future to apply this knowledge on practice and carry out the profitable e-commerce. It must be emphasized that e-commerce has become an essential part of B2C, though there are many challenges that are to be taken into account. Notion of B2C â€Å"Business-to-consumer (B2C, sometimes also called Business-to-Customer) describes activities of businesses serving end consumers with products and/or services† (Baker 2010). Speaking about selling through the Internet it is to be mentioned that here B2C means selling goods that are bought by a customer for his own use. The brightest example of e-commerce B2C in the Internet is the site of Amazon. It is the electronic bookstore that was founded in 1995 and since that time became the world main book retailers. Others examples of B2C on-line can include traveling services, web-money, real-estates services and any information that can be used by a customer. Such sites as Facebook, Tweeter and others also represent the example of B2C. They do not sell anything but suggest communication on-line that is also consumed by a customer. E-commerce has not always been as effective as it is now. In 2000 when the company Nasdaq, that maintained the majority of on-line operations failed, the most of the e-commerce firms had to do away with their selling on-line. They had to shift to a more traditional way of carrying out B2C activity. That year some experts claimed that e-commerce would never restore its reputation since it endangered the private information about the clients. Despite the

A Modern Mythological Tale THE TASKS OF JAMIE Essay

A Modern Mythological Tale THE TASKS OF JAMIE - Essay Example One of Jamie's favorite things to do was to play baseball. He and his friend Dave often practiced hitting and pitching in Jamie's backyard. Jamie would take a turn hitting and then Dave would take a turn. The backyard looked out onto a neighbor's yard. The neighbor was named Mr. MacGregor. He was a reclusive gentleman, about 85 years of age. He rarely came out of his house, but when he did he usually looked quite angry. No one knew anything about MacGregor, no one knew what he did before he became such a recluse. One day Jamie and Dave were playing baseball in the backyard. Dave pitched a ball to Jamie, and Jamie connected with it, cracking it towards MacGregor's house. It was Jamie's favorite ball. It had been signed by Roberto Hernandez, his favorite major league player. Jamie watched as the ball sailed towards MacGregor's house and smashed through the old man's sun-room window. â€Å"Oh no!† thought Jamie. Jamie and Dave discussed the issue between the two of them. Jamie was frightened of MacGregor but he knew he would have to get the ball back somehow. While Dave hid behind a tree, Jamie went to MacGregor's front door and rang the bell. MacGregor opened the door. He was holding the prized ball in his hand. â€Å"What do you want, kid? Are you the one who broke my window?† â€Å"It wasn't me,† said Jamie, â€Å"it was my friend, Dave. All we want is the ball back, sir.†... I'll do anything.† â€Å"OK,† said Mr. MacGregor, â€Å"maybe we can work out an agreement. I have a number of things you can do to help me out. Otherwise, you're going to have to pay for the broken window and I think it will be around $500 at least.† Jamie looked back towards the tree where Dave had been hiding, but he couldn't see him anymore. He gulped. â€Å"Okay,† he said. â€Å"What do you have in mind?† MacGregor invited him into the house and closed the door behind him. He smiled cruelly at Jamie. â€Å"First of all, my cat Tabitha is missing in the basement. I need you to go find her. Be careful—she is very vicious.† Jamie went to the basement and climbed down the stairs. It was dark and gloomy. He could hear some mewing coming from a corner. There was Tabitha. She was an old, orange cat and looked mean. He tried to grab her with one hand, but she clawed at him and scratched his forearm. Jamie shrieked. He found an old blanket and threw it over the cat. He brought the bundle back up the stairs to MacGregor. â€Å"Not bad,† said the old man. â€Å"Now, please have a look at the bathroom in the basement. There is a huge spider there I need you to deal with.† Again Jamie went to the basement and looked around. He found the small bathroom in the corner. Inside the drain of the sink was the biggest insect he'd ever seen. It wasn't a spider; he realized as it seemed to have a dozen different heads and at least 40 legs. It must be some exotic creature from Africa, he thought. He turned on the faucet and the insect was washed away. â€Å"Next,† he thought to himself. He went up the stairs again and went to find Mr. MacGregor. â€Å"OK,† said the old man. â€Å"Next, you have to help me with something else.† He pointed to the

Relationship of Digit Ratio With Cardiovascular Endurance

Relationship of Digit Ratio With Cardiovascular Endurance This first chapter represents a review of the conducted study. In this chapter, there are several subtopics that have been reviewed. The following topics provide the descriptions regarding to background of the study, statement of the problem, research questions, hypotheses involved, conceptual framework, significance of the study, and definition of terms that been used in this study. Lastly, the structure of this study is outlined in the last part of the chapter. BACKGROUND OF STUDY Application of digit ratio which is known to be related to prenatal testosterone hormone had been used widely across the world and its submission in the area of sports, health and fitness had attracted a swarming interest among practitioner and generated many interesting findings. However, in the midst of discovering the application of digit ratio which mainly focused on adults, interest towards the children is still lacking which bring towards the establishment of this study. Digit ratio have stirred considerable amount of research in relation with various traits of putatively linked to sex hormone (Putz, Gaulin, Sporter, McBurney., 2004). Known as the ratio between the second digit, which is the index finger and the fourth digit, the ring finger had shown diversified results with several researcher reported significant correlations between digit ratio and such diverse traits as fertility, sexual attitudes and orientation, status, cognitive abilities, health and athletic prowess (Manning, Churchill Peters, 2007; Coates, Gurnell Rustichini, 2009; Manning, 2002a; Manning et.al., 2007; Williams et.al., 2000). The association between pattern formation and numbers of prenatal testosterone and estrogen may lie in the actions Homeobox or Hox genes in vertebrates, including humans, the Hox gene family is vital for the differentiation of both the urinogenital system (including the testes and ovaries) and the digit (Herault, Fradeau, Zakany Ulnaless., 1997). The sexual dimorphism is determined as early as the 14th week of fetal life, and remains unchanged at puberty. In children, digit ratio has been reported to be associated with measures of fetal growth, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, developmental psychopathology, autism and Asperger’s syndrome (Manning, 2004). Hence, if digit ratio is associated to prenatal testosterone and oestrogen then the differences such as finger ratio should also be determined in utero. Thus indicate that children should reflect differentiation of digit ratio which is fundamentally the same as in adults. Preceding information of major health problems and their threat factors towards children, abundant field based fitness test batteries have been developed to assess fitness in this population. In conjunction with the issues, major reviews covering the matter involved in obtaining accurate and reliable measurements have been published and this include the application of relative length of 2nd (index finger) and 4th (ring finger) as a predictive intervention to be used in diagnosis, prognosis, and in early life-style interventions which may delay onset of disease or facilitate its early detection (Manning Bundred., 2000) Precise measurement of children’s activity is thought-provoking, as the application is characteristically irregular and recurrent; consist of regular, short sessions. However, health related fitness is notoriously difficult to measure and these difficulties are particularly exacerbated when assessing activity in children. Numerous methods exist for the measurement of health related fitness. Selection of a measurement method depends on the purpose of the evaluation, the nature of the study population, and the resources available. The various components of health related fitness can be assessed accurately in the laboratory and, in many cases, in the field by using a composite of performance tests. Valid and reliable assessment measures are critical for identifying relevant trends in the activity patterns of young people and for determining the impact of intervention programs and curriculum implementation. Measures of health related components have been used for many years with children; however, these measures may not accurately reflect levels of their health. Prenatal testosterone has been shown to stimulate anabolic process in skeletal muscle and appears to be principal hormone responsible for the development of strength. Testosterone level increases during early stage of puberty to rapid increase in mid-late puberty in boys whereas high level of oestrogen causes inhibition of muscle growth as a result of skeletal maturation (Manning, Trivers, Thornhill Singh., 2000). Muscular strength improvement among children are negatively associated with changes in overall adiposity (Ruiz et.al., 2009). Clinical and invasive muscle strength measurement of different muscle group is time consuming and a quick and simple measurement might provide a good indication of general muscle strength. Therefore, in this study the implementation of digit ratio is predicted could be used as measuring tools for muscle strength as it had been found to be correlate with prenatal testosterone which is found to be significant with strength among adult male (Fink et.al ., 2006). Furthermore, prenatal testosterone exposure is believed to have an impact on the fetal cardiovascular system with higher levels of testosterone possibly assisting in the development of more efficient running economy (Manning et. al., 2007). There is a strong evidence signifying that cardiorespiratory fitness in childhood and adolescence is a predictor of cardiovascular disease risk factors such as abnormal blood lipids, high blood pressure and overall and central adiposity later in life (Ruiz et.al.,2009). Adverse CVD (Cardiovascular Disease) risk factors during childhood also seem to track into adulthood (Andersen et.al, 2004) with evidence indicating that the main cause of CVD has their origin in childhood and adolescence (Mc.Gill et.al, 2000; Strong et.al., 1992). Therefore application of digit ratio measurement will be used in this study as a predictor to assess cardiovascular endurance among school. Rapid advancement in socioeconomics situation in many countries in Asia, including Malaysia, has resulted in significant changes in the lifestyle of communities which also affect children in this country. Obesity is associated with adverse health outcomes among both children and adults (Freedman et. al., 2001) and overweight status tends to track from childhood into adulthood (Must et.al., 1992). Due to the treatment of obesity is unsuccessful frequently; primary prevention of obesity has become an important public health priority. Many experts have recommended that public health initiatives to prevent obesity should begin with our youngest children. Therefore, digit ratio which is closely related to prenatal testosterone hormone is predicted in this study to have direct relationship towards body composition physical level among school children. 1.3 CARDIOVASCULAR ENDURANCE In studies investigating the primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases, the major component of physical fitness that has been related to cardiovascular health or risk has been cardiorespiratory fitness or capacity (also referred to as cardiovascular, aerobic, or endurance fitness or capacity). Although other components of physical fitness, such as muscle strength or endurance, may relate to some aspects of cardiovascular health, few data document these relations. One of the major reasons for measuring cardiovascular fitness in studies of the relation between physical activity and health is that habitual physical activity status is one of the major determinants of cardiovascular fitness. Other determinants include age, sex, heredity, medical status, and selected health-related behaviours (Malina Bouchard, 1989). Thus, tests of cardiovascular fitness can be used as objective, surrogate measures of physical activity status with the understanding that factors other than activity influence the results. The magnitude of the effects of these other factors is generally reduced when changes in fitness are measured to verify changes in activity status. 1.4 MUSCULAR STRENGTH Muscle strength can be measured during performance of either static or dynamic muscle contraction (Wilmore, 1989). Like muscle endurance, strength is specific to the muscle group, and therefore the testing of one muscle group does not provide accurate information about the strength of other muscle groups (Clarke, 1973). Thus, to be effective, strength testing must involve at least several major muscle groups, including the upper body, trunk, and lower body. Standard tests have included the bench press, leg extension, and biceps curl with free weights. The heaviest weight a person can lift one time through the full range of motion is considered the person’s maximum strength. 1.5 BODY COMPOSITION Obesity in children and adolescents is both predominant and increasing in developed and developing countries and is therefore deemed a major international public health issue. Moreover, obesity tracks from adolescent to adulthood with obese adolescents at increased risks of morbidity and mortality in adulthood, irrespective of adult weight status. Obesity caused by chronic energy imbalance resulting in the storing of excess energy adipose tissue. Measuring physical activity following obesity treatment is important to elucidate how treatment has impacted on behaviour that influences energy balance. 1.6PROBLEM STATEMENT During the last decades, a great deal of attention has been devoted to the fitness of children and adolescents. As a result, numerous field based test batteries have been developed to assess fitness in this population. Field test provide reasonable alternative since they are time-efficient, low in cost and equipment requirement can be easily administered to a large number of people simultaneously. However, in order for the assessment to be considered, it should measure what it is supposed to measure. Therefore, digit ratio which is found to be negatively correlating with prenatal testosterone levels in humans could be established as a valid predictor to assess health related fitness and physical activity level will be discovered in this study. Many reported relationships of digit ratio are restricted to adult population. Small amount of research relating digit ratio with children had restricted the application of this method to act as an alternative field test. Biologic development of school age children occurs intensely, unevenly and differently among individuals. Greater sensitivity to detect biological sources of variation in children ability to exert maximum muscular effort (muscular strength) and the ability of heart to deliver oxygen to working muscle and sustain for long period of time (cardiovascular endurance) is believe could be predicted by digit ratio (prenatal testosterone hormone). If digit ratio in adults correlates with prenatal testosterone, it is expected to be presented in young children as the digit ratio among individuals should not change with growth and digit ratio should show little absolute change with growth in children (Manning et. al., 1998). PURPOSE OF STUDY The purposes of this study were threefold. First was to identify the relationship of digit ratio with cardiovascular endurance among school children. A secondary purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of digit ratio with muscular endurance among school children among school children. Lastly, the purpose of study was to provide current scientific evidence based data related with digit ratio in relation with body composition among school children that could be implemented as a new measurement intervention on measuring cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength and body composition among school children. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES Muscular strength, cardiovascular endurance and body composition are predicted through digit ratio are the main objectives of this study. Therefore, the objectives of this study are: To determine the relationship between digit ratio and muscular strength among public school children in Selangor. To measure the relationship between digit ratio and cardiovascular endurance among public school children in Selangor. To determine the relationship between digit ratio and body composition among public school children in Selangor. RESEARCH HYPOTHESES Based on the issues regarding muscular strength, cardiovascular endurance and body composition with digit ratio measurement that need to be addressed, the following hypotheses were formed to identify the outcome of this study. Therefore, for the purpose of this study, the hypotheses are: Ho1 : There is no significant relationship between digit ratio and muscular strength among public school children in Selangor. Ho2 : There is no significant relationship between digit ratio and cardiovascular endurance among public school children in Selangor. Ho3 : There is no significant relationship between digit ratio measurement and body composition among public school children in Selangor. SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY The outcome of this study is hope could act as an alternative approach on predicting muscular strength, cardiovascular endurance and body composition among children through implementation of simple, quick and reliable digit ratio measurement. Besides that, this study also hopes could be part of a measurement application for talent identification consideration among children especially school children. Lastly, the significance of this study is hope to provide additional information with relationship of biological marker to identify muscular strength, cardiovascular endurance and body composition among children as current biological testing to identify biological condition among children require laboratory testing only. SCOPE AND LIMITATION The scope of this study is to provide new alternative and reliable method in predicting muscular strength, cardiovascular endurance and body composition among school children in Selangor. This however will limit to only selected physical fitness test and not applicable for comparison with other physical test. Number of subjects will be used in this study is based on current student intake throughout public school in Selangor with consideration of age. Therefore, from 645 primary school in Selangor, a different amount of subject from different numbers of school may render different outcome. DEFINITION OF TERM Digit Ratio In this study, digit ratio is a relative length between the second finger (index finger) and the fourth finger (ring finger). It is sexually dimorphic with male having a lower mean compared to female and shown to be positively correlated with oestrogen and negatively correlated with prenatal testosterone. Cardiovascular Endurance A health-related component of physical endurance fitness that relates to the ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to supply fuel during sustained physical activity and to eliminate fatigue products after supplying fuel which in this study indicate through bleep test. Muscular Strength Muscular strength is another health-related component of physical fitness that relates to the amount of external force that a muscle can exert. It is important as every human body movement require certain amount of strength in order to execute certain activities. This will be determine in this study through handgrip strength test. Body Composition Body composition refers to the combination of lean tissue and fat tissue in the body. In this study, body composition among school children will be determine through several measurement method which were the two sites skinfold measurement and body mass index in order to identify which method could be a valid predictor of body composition. Physical Activity Physical activity is defined as any bodily movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscle. Physical activity can be categorized by several variables including type and intensity. In this study, every school children physical activity level will be predicted through series of fitness testing as well as digit ratio measurement in order to determine current health related component level of school children especially in Selangor. Obesity Obesity is defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. Fundamental cause of obesity is an energy imbalance between calories consumed and calories expended. Changes in dietary and physical activity patterns are often the results of health and fitness implication among children which is also mainly the reasons why this research is conducted. Body Mass Index (BMI) Body mass index is a simplify calculation of weight-for-height that is usually used to classify overweight and obesity in adult and children. A BMI greater than or equal to 25 is oversight while BMI greater than or equal to 30 is obesity.

Capital Punishment is Necessary :: Papers

Capital Punishment is Necessary Capital punishment is necessary in order for justice to prevail. Capital punishment is the execution of criminals for committing crimes that is in regard as so bad that death is the only acceptable punishment. Capital punishment servers to lower the murder rate, but also has value as a form of retribution. Its fairness is determined by the judicial system. As a form of punishment, it saves money when compared to a life sentence. The death penalty deters murder and puts the fear of death into would be killers. A person is less likely to kill, if he fears a possible sentence for his action. Another way the death penalty may help deter murder is the fact that if the killer is death, he or she will not be able to kill again. There are two different opinions on the death penalty. There are those who think that murders deserve to live and serve a life sentence in jail, and those who are supporters of the death penalty as a form of revenge. Both groups want to make examples out of offenders so that the threat of death will be enough to deter from capitol offenses. Some people prefer to give the murder life in prison. Others argue that the punishment does not out the crime. In support of their position, they point the fact that many prisoners do not serve their full sentence. Some prisoners even live very comfortable. Thus burdening taxpayers with the cost of their incarceration some people feel that it is ok and others feel that criminals live in prison off of other people's hard money. In the ending, criminals must think about consequences before they kill someone. To give a killer the death penalty would reassure the family of victims as well as the problems.

Computers in Modern Manufacturing

COMPUTERS IN MODERN MANUFCTURING INTRODUCTION: Computers play invaluable role in modern manufacturing. In fact, nearly all modern manufacturing support systems are implemented using computer systems through automation. It reduces manual work in manufacturing and production. Computer Integrated Manufacturing(CIM) is the terminology used to describe the complete automation of a manufacturing plant. CIM involves integrating the functions of designing products, production planning, operational control and business-related functions in one system that operates throughout the enterprise.All of the processes function under computer control. Digital information ties them altogether. The different computer controlled processes are as follows: -aided design , computer-aided manufacturing CAD/CAM: The heart of CIM is CAD/CAM. Computer-aided design(CAD) denotes the use of computer systems to support the product design function. Using CAD, it is possible to simulate in three dimensions the moveme nt of a part through a production process.Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) denotes the use of computer systems to perform functions related to manufacturing engineering, such as process planning and numerical control(NC) part programming. Some computer systems perform both CAD and CAM, and so the term CAD/CAM is used to indicate the integration of the two into one system. CAD/CAM is concerned with the engineering functions in both design and manufacturing. The method of manufacturing a product is a direct function of its design.Through CAD/CAM technology, it is possible to establish a direct link between product design and manufacturing engineering. They have together overcome traditional NC shortcomings in expense, ease of use, and speed by enabling the design and manufacture of a part to be undertaken using the same data encoding system. CAD/CAM has also given the designer much more direct control over the manufacturing process. ADVANTAGES: CAD/CAM enables manufacturers to reduc e the costs of producing goods by minimizing the involvement of human operators.They enable manufacturers to make quick alterations to the product design and obtain instant results. Also there is no risk of human(repetitive) error. This finally results in lower operational costs, lower end product prices and increased profits for manufacturers. CAD/CAM systems also facilitate communication among those involved in design, manufacturing, and other processes. This is of particular importance when one firm contracts another to either design or produce a component.DISADVANTAGES: There are no means of comprehending real-world concepts in CAD systems, such as the nature of the object being designed or the function that object will serve. CAD systems function by their capacity to codify geometrical concepts. Thus the design process using CAD involves transferring a designer's idea into a formal geometrical model. Thus CAD cannot build the exact design as it is on the designer’s mind. Also, there are several limitations of CAM. Setting up of infrastructure to begin with is very expensive.CAM requires not only NC machine tools themselves but also an extensive software and hardware to develop the design models and convert them into manufacturing instructions. The output from the CAM software is usually a simple text file of G-code, sometimes many thousands of commands long, that is then transferred to a machine tool using a direct numerical control (DNC) program. CAM packages still cannot reason like a machinist. The field of computer-aided management is fraught with inconsistency.While all numerical controlled machine tools operate using G-code, there is no universally used standard for the code itself. CAD systems tend to store data in their own proprietary format, so it can often be a challenge to transfer data from CAD to CAM software. There are some problems with CIM also. Existing equipment and software may be incompatible with each other leading to expensiv e updates or replacements. Extensive programming may also be required to produce optimal schedules and part sequence.CAE: Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) systems are very useful systems for engineering area. Integrated or independent CAE systems are used by design engineers and specialists. Computer simulation is very significant tool for designers. The reason is to understand to the behaviour of the technical systems before their prototype production. Therefore many analytical programmes have been created in the last thirty years for engineering area. These programmes are entitled as Computer Aided Engineering (CAE).UTILISATION OF CAD/CAM SYSTEMS PRO/ENGINEER: Pro/ENGINEER is full parameter 3D graphic CAD/CAM system, determined mainly for general manufacture engineering and for automation of design engineering. With graphical system Pro/ENGINEER is able to create fully, unambiguous and accurately spaced model of solid body simply and quickly. CONCLUSION: Utilisation of CAD/CAM sys tems is highly effective because it enables to reduce the process development time and the introduction of a new product in the market in a large scale. Recent technical developments have fundamentally impacted the utility of CAD/CAM systems.For example, the everincreasing processing power of personal computers has given them viability as a vehicle for CAD/CAM application. Another important development is the establishment of a single CAD-CAM standard, so that different data packages can be exchanged without manufacturing and delivery delays.REFERENCES: 1. Groover, M. P. : Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing. USA, January 2000, Prentice Hall 2. Paper on Design for Engineering Unit # 6 Research and Development Annette Beattie August 10, 2006 3. www. wikipedia. com

buy custom E-learning essay

buy custom E-learning essay Technology has brought about a significant impact in the process of learning especially in the case of higher education in the African context. There are also some benefits that are associated with partnering with the rest of the universities across the globe to facilitate the exchange of information. E-learning has been identified to offer the benefits of cost, time saving and flexibility and the improvement of effectiveness of learning among students. The efforts in the Universities in Kenya have been geared towards the adoption of e-learning in an attempt of improving the quality of education. This is geared at proper exploitation of the benefits associated with technology in addition to the access the facilities in a way that is cost effective (Mugwe, 1). The efficiency allows online lectures, student lecturer interaction, assignments submission and checking the students grades online. The technology is also in a position of facilitating for uploading of course materials, posting of the assignments, online discussions and the application of blogs. There is however a requirement of training the lectures as well as the students on better ways of making use of the facilities (Mugwe, 1). This has been implemented in Strathmore University, USIU, plus Nairobi University where the students are induted to the courses at the time of their enrollment. Daystar University has also implemented the technology. USIU has especially made use of Webcity offering in excess of 400 courses and enhancing the lecturer student interaction (Mugwe, 1). Services are better delivered using e-learning complementing teaching in facial interaction and work can be managed in a more effective manner which ideally is not a replacement of the hours of physical contact but a requirement by modern students. This is consequential to saving time in education delivery. The institutions should however overcome obstacles associated with technical infrastructure which are dependent on the slow local networks as well as the internet. E-learning facilities are also available at Moi, Maseno, J K UAT as well as Kenyatta wich are aimed at improving distant learning (Mugwe, 1). According to David, "One field where the university has made use e-learning is through the use of video conferencing for visiting professors, this is done especially in partnership with other business schools." David also adds that Strathmore has a tie-up with the IESE Business School which is under the University of Navarra in Barcelona Spain. The same article by David also quotes Prof Odhiambo that platform is already in use, but it takes time for lecturers and students to be fully comfortable with the approach. He adds that Moodle program allows univerrsity professors to give lectures remotely, on top of enabling access to more students. According to Regina Mutuku "It gives you the ability to manage work more effectively ... It is not replacing the contact hours but it is being more responsive to the modern student" (Mugwe, 1). UoN ICT Director Dr Omwenga ascerts that, "Lecturers have flexible access and student hostels have a wireless network. There is curriculum training for staff on how to facilitate content online and the student's information systems network has been integrated into the e-learning system to enhance and allow fast uptake of e-learning. There is also an awareness campaign using brochures, flyers and open days to increase interest among students and staff." (Mugwe, 1). Woof said e-learning lets students do work on their own schedule. Some teens have Crohn's disease, cancer treatments or allergies that keep them at home. Woof, asserts that "Every time we can't offer flexibility, they just Google to find another school board that can," (Faulkner, 1). Justin Medved, says that People are starting to ask questions to help meet the needs of students who are involved in sports [and] major extracurricular that take them away from school, he explains. I think that CIS consciously wanted to be inno vative. There is definitely a trend in education across the board that is looking at different ways of learning. (Brooks,, 1) Buy custom E-learning essay

The eNotes Blog Baffling Banned Books A Fun (Disturbing)Quiz!

Baffling Banned Books A Fun (Disturbing)Quiz! If youve waited to celebrate the chance to be Officially Subversive during Banned Books Week, its not too late!   Sure, you probably figured that Huck Finn  is a perennial favorite for its politically incorrect language and  Fifty Shades of Grey  for its Crimes Against Ink and Trees, but I am willing to bet there are quite a few that will make you say, Ummm. What?   The alleged reasons for protecting Our Nations Youth are even more bizarre than you can imagine.   We invite you to take our quiz and see if you can guess the actual arguments that succeeded in getting the following ten books on the Naughty List. 1.   Charlottes Web  by E.B. White a)   The National Pork Council feared declining bacon sales b)   Children were trapping dangerous spiders and being bitten c)   A  Kansas school district decided that talking animals are blasphemous and unnatural d)   Girls were being encouraged to defy their fathers 2.   Brave New World  by Aldous Huxley a)   Removed from classrooms in Miller, Missouri, for ‘making promiscuous sex look like fun.’ b)   Removed from Texas libraries for encouraging revolution c)   Attempted ban in California for focusing on negativity. d) Both a and c 3.   Where the Wild Things Are  by Maurice Sendak   a)   Accused of advocating witchcraft b)   A psychologist claimed it advocated child abuse by denying the character Max his dinner c)    Sendak was accused of glorifying temper tantrums which was putting young boys in danger d)   All of the above 4.   Ã‚  A Light in the Attic  by Shel Silverstein a)   Encouraged children to break dishes b)   Children were investigating attics and being trapped c)   A group argued that putting something silly in the world was code for anarchy d)   Children were crawling into freezers, trying to find their dreams (Ill take the dream I had last night / And put it in my freezer) 5.   Alices Adventures in Wonderland  by Lewis Carroll   a) Encouraged drug use d)   Ministers and educators challenged it for its ‘ungodly’ influence and for depicting women in strong leadership roles. c)   Emergency rooms were admitting children who tried to dress up their pet rabbits, leading to injuries d) Promoted gambling, especially card playing 6.   Bridge to Terabithia  by Katherine Paterson a) Claimed Terebethia is an anagram for A Beer Tithe b) Encouraged runaways c) Teachers saw an increase in swearing after assigning the book d) Promoted secular humanism, new age religions, the occult, and Satanism 7.   The Bell Jar  by Sylvia Plath a)   Librarians tired of answering the question, What the heck is a bell jar? b)   Suppressed in 1970 for its overt rejection of the woman’s role as wife and mother. c)   Encouraged drinking d)   Depression became chic. 8.   My Friend Flicka  by Mary OHara a)   Ã‚  A female dog was referred to as a ‘bitch’ in the text. b)   Encouraged an unnatural relationship between a child and a horse. c)   One group claimed that Flicka was the name of Norse witch d)   Parents annoyed at a sharp increase in begging for a horse for Christmas 9.   To Kill a Mockingbird  by Harper Lee a)   In 1980, challenged in New York as a filthy, trashy novel. b)   People who hadnt bothered to read the book began killing mockingbirds by the thousands in Texas c)   In 1996, Lindale, Texas banned Lees novel for ‘conflict[ing] with the values of the community.’† d)   Both a and C 10.   The Rabbits Wedding  by Garth Williams a) After the Supreme Court upheld gay marriage rights, Monroe, Louisiana, immediately banned this book for being on the slippery slope which would allow animals to marry. b)   The Alabama  state library system removed the book because it was believed the book was attacking segregation policies.† c)   A group in Florida claimed that rabbits were associated with promiscuous sex and the book was trying to corrupt children. d)   Both A and C (Answers:   1. c; 2. d; 3.   d; 4. a; 5.   b; 6. d; 7.   b; 8. a; 9.   d; 10.   a) Howd you do? Wed love to hear your thoughts about these banned books and the reasons theyve been challenged by the public. Leave a comment below!   Ã‚   Featured Image via Unsplash

FNP questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

FNP questions - Essay Example Some showing healing facilities offer 3-year confirmation programs in nursing; nonetheless, these projects are uncommon. Most Rns gain cohort degrees or four-year certifications in nursing. My expert foundation begins with a copartner degree in nursing from my group professional montage. I have been in preparing on the group clinic while as of now completing my course. The things that I managed are Adult and family wellbeing, Psychiatric nursing, Pharmacology, Human advancement, Anatomy and physiology to practice in the calling, enlisted medical attendants must be authorized. While licenses prerequisites fluctuate as indicated by state, they regularly incorporate section of a state-affirmed preparing project and the National Council Licenser Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN). Directed by the National Council of State Boards of Nursing, the NCLEX-RN blankets subjects like psychosocial and physiological honesty, wellbeing advancement and contamination control. Contingent upon the state, Rns may be obliged to meet extra licenser necessities. With respect to me, I have fulfilled all the prerequisites and have turned into an ensured medical caretaker (Pfeiffer, W ickline, Deetz & Berry, 2012). A Nurse Practitioner (NP) is an enrolled medical caretaker who has typically finished either a graduate degree or doctoral degree and experienced preparing in the judgment and administration of basic medicinal conditions. After I completed my preparation as an Rns I kept on becoming a FNP my experience as a FNP was overpowering with a bigger number of obligations and more work than my past status. The education has definitely increased with more books and more practice in the hospitals. Working with a mixture of patients, from pediatric to geriatric, or represent considerable authority in one of various conceivable regions, for example, neo-natal serious forethought, heart mind, neurologic

How far does the murder of King Dunkan affect Lady Macbeth and how is Essay

How far does the murder of King Dunkan affect Lady Macbeth and how is this shown in the play - Essay Example At the end the memories of her bloody hands actually push her to take her own life. Lady Macbeth is unable to overcome the guilt associated with the murder of King Duncan. Macbeth for driven by his wife to commit the crime. Lady Macbeth desperately wants her husband to be Kind and she asks the â€Å"aids of spirits† (I, v) to assist her in her wish for the throne. Lady Macbeth summons the â€Å"sprits that tend on mortal thoughts† to come and fill her with â€Å"direct cruelty† (I, v). She is portrayed as having no moral values and boundaries in fulfilling the prophecy for Macbeth to be a King. She is willing to throw away her moral principles in the name of gaining the titles of queen. King Duncan is invited to Macbeth’s castle and Lady Macbeth has already prepared her malevolent act. After murdering King Duncan Macbeth returns to his wife seeing that her husband is nervous Lady Macbeth says: â€Å""Why, worthy thane, You do unbend your noble strength, to think So brainsickly of things" (II, ii). It is obvious that Macbeth is struggling with his morality and sanity, but not Lady Macbeth. While Macbeth is paralyzed with horror, she is totally in control of herself and comments: â€Å""My hands are of your colour; but I shame / To wear a heart so white" (II, ii). Here Lady Macbeth is more ruthless than her husband. Her hands are also red from King Duncan’s blood, but she does not have while heart – meaning that her heart has blood in it, because she is strong and not a coward. After the murder, Lady Macbeth takes all actions to turn aside the suspicion over her husband and herself. Her words rhyme here, which show her deep thoughtful reactions to what had happened after the murder of King Duncan. Her philosophical reflections about life indicate that she is not as happy as she had believing she would be. She got what she wanted, but then she is still not content. Her second thought addresses her real wishes now after the death of King